Cultivation Of Crops: Stem bleeding disease

Pests and Disease Management in Coconut ( Cocos nucifera )

Diseases and Pests	Symptoms	Cause	Comments	Management
Bud Rot and nut fall	Necrotic spots on leaf bases, Chlorosis of young opened leaves, pink lesions with dark borders	Oomycete	Disease emergence favored by high rainfall	Remove all infected debris and dead trees from plantation and destroy, good sanitation practices and appropriate fungicide recommended
Ganoderma butt rot	Wilting, fronds dyeing, overall reduction in vigor	Fungi	Fungi may enter through wounds on trunk	Remove any dead or severely affected trees from plantation immediately
Gray leaf blight	Yellow-brown spots on leaflets, tips turning gray	Fungus	Disease favored by high rainfall and humidity	Appropriate fungicide recommended
Lethal bole rot	Reddish-brown rot in bole tissue, oldest leaves turning yellow and wilting	Fungus	Some grass such as Bermuda grass have been reported as alternative host from the fungi	Infected trees must be uprooted and burned
Stem bleeding disease	Yellow rot on trunk, affected areas turn black	Fungus	Fungi enter trunk through wounds	Appropriate fungicide recommended, remove affected areas
Cadang-cadang	Chlorotic spots on leaves, leaves decline in size and number	Viriod	No vector has been identified	No known method of controlling the disease
Coconut foliar decay	Some varieties show no symptoms, others exhibit partial yellowing of leaves	Virus	Spread by leaf hoppers	-
Lethal Yellowing	Premature dropping of fruit, flower stalks turn black, necrosis of inflorescences	Phytoplasma	May be spread by leaf hoppers	Antibiotic treatment recommended, plant resistant varieties
Mealybugs	Flattened oval to round disc-like insect covered in waxy substance on tree branches	Insect	Often tended by ants which farm them for their sugary honey dew	Commonly controlled using chemical pesticides
Coconut bug	Sunken necrotic lesions and scars on nuts	Insect	Most damaging pest of coconut in Africa	Conserve bushes and trees around plantations which is habitats for weave ants (natural enemy for coconut bug)
Coconut scale	Leaves turning brown and dropping prematurely	Insect	Insect attacks other crops such as tea and mango	Pruning infested parts and burning, Chemical treatment recommended
Coconut rhinocerous beetle	V-shaped cut in palm fronds caused by beetles boring into crown to feed	Insect	Beetles are nocturnal and fly at night	Destroy decaying logs, removed dead trees from plantation