Diseases and Pests | Symptoms | Cause | Comments | Management |
Bud Rot and nut fall | Necrotic spots on leaf bases, Chlorosis of young opened leaves, pink lesions with dark borders | Oomycete | Disease emergence favored by high rainfall | Remove all infected debris and dead trees from plantation and destroy, good sanitation practices and appropriate fungicide recommended |
Ganoderma butt rot | Wilting, fronds dyeing, overall reduction in vigor | Fungi | Fungi may enter through wounds on trunk | Remove any dead or severely affected trees from plantation immediately |
Gray leaf blight | Yellow-brown spots on leaflets, tips turning gray | Fungus | Disease favored by high rainfall and humidity | Appropriate fungicide recommended |
Lethal bole rot | Reddish-brown rot in bole tissue, oldest leaves turning yellow and wilting | Fungus | Some grass such as Bermuda grass have been reported as alternative host from the fungi | Infected trees must be uprooted and burned |
Stem bleeding disease | Yellow rot on trunk, affected areas turn black | Fungus | Fungi enter trunk through wounds | Appropriate fungicide recommended, remove affected areas |
Cadang-cadang | Chlorotic spots on leaves, leaves decline in size and number | Viriod | No vector has been identified | No known method of controlling the disease |
Coconut foliar decay | Some varieties show no symptoms, others exhibit partial yellowing of leaves | Virus | Spread by leaf hoppers | - |
Lethal Yellowing | Premature dropping of fruit, flower stalks turn black, necrosis of inflorescences | Phytoplasma | May be spread by leaf hoppers | Antibiotic treatment recommended, plant resistant varieties |
Mealybugs | Flattened oval to round disc-like insect covered in waxy substance on tree branches | Insect | Often tended by ants which farm them for their sugary honey dew | Commonly controlled using chemical pesticides |
Coconut bug | Sunken necrotic lesions and scars on nuts | Insect | Most damaging pest of coconut in Africa | Conserve bushes and trees around plantations which is habitats for weave ants (natural enemy for coconut bug) |
Coconut scale | Leaves turning brown and dropping prematurely | Insect | Insect attacks other crops such as tea and mango | Pruning infested parts and burning, Chemical treatment recommended |
Coconut rhinocerous beetle | V-shaped cut in palm fronds caused by beetles boring into crown to feed | Insect | Beetles are nocturnal and fly at night | Destroy decaying logs, removed dead trees from plantation |
Pests and Disease Management in Coconut ( Cocos nucifera )
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